How Has Voting Changed Over Time? Essay

After some time, as America advanced more noteworthy common freedoms for the entirety of its residents, casting a ballot rights have likewise experienced change. At the point when the United States was framed, residents with casting a ballot rights were primarily Caucasian guys. African American guys that were liberated could cast a ballot additionally, yet slaves in any case, were viewed as property and couldn't cast a ballot. States could direct survey charges, which frequently left less fortunate individuals without the capacity to cast a ballot in the event that they couldn’t manage the cost of the duty. Ladies didn’t have casting a ballot rights and voters in many states must be 21 preceding having the option to cast a ballot. There are numerous individuals that are freely mindful of the troublesome fight for votes starting with the historical backdrop of the United States. Both major ideological groups have stepped toward expanding voter turnout with the goal that more individuals will partake in this privilege all things considered. For a lot of American history, casting a ballot capabilities were with the end goal that not very many individuals really had the ability to cast a ballot. These capabilities have changed incredibly from that point forward to concede about all Americans this significant majority rule benefit. In the eighteenth century, the option to cast a ballot was held for well off white guys beyond 21 years old and by and large, those that had a place with the acknowledged religion of their locale. The thinking was that these individuals were the main ones instructed enough to settle on an insightful choice despite the fact that ladies, slaves, and those without property unquestionably had a great deal to state on the issues of the day. Today, through Constitutional Amendments, casting a ballot limitations concerning sex, race, strict connection, and riches have all been dispensed with. The base age to cast a ballot is presently 18. All voters must be residents of the United States.

Romeo and Juliet Fate

Constrained marriage †Feud (we don't have the foggiest idea what the quarrel is finished, its never clarified. Its unmistakably destiny since they don't have a clue what they're contending about) †Meeting at the gathering (Romeo is sedated) †Violence: Deaths of Table and Mercuric (impacts) when Romeo kills Table everything begins self-destructing †Forced marriage †demeanor to ladies †If ladies were esteemed, ladies would not be constrained into, for example, marriage and not regarded Just as items, we may see more love and less violence.Mercuric says in the event that you experience passionate feelings for you become less manly †Prologue (Not just will they kick the bucket, the main path for the fight to end if for them to die.This is the main way out, it is sure) from the beginning the watcher realizes they'll bite the dust, for one another as well as to stop savagery and quarrel since its written in the stars †Loveliness among Montague and Ca plet †Only case of adoration other than Romeo and Juliet, is Romeo and Mercuric yet Romeo doesn't cherish Mercuric back, nobody adores anybody, or doesn't appear to be as well, Lady Caplet doesn't cherish Juliet Romeo: Romeo-wild youngster (Friar Lawrence advises Romeo to back off, discover quote) Rushes into things, very in-contact with his feelings, lets it outdo him (top with heart, emblematic) â€Å"Oh I am fortunes fool† is he was energetic youngster, he would not have settled on the choice to kill Table Romeo and Juliet are not the slightest bit to fault for their unfavorable passings, examine. Concur: †Fate has confirmed that they should kick the bucket (as is written in the introduction)

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant The creator has chosen this point on account of his enthusiasm for a future vocation in food and drink industry. Section A has indicated that he has great administration and group building aptitudes to turn into an innovator in this documented. He feels that it is basic to have great comprehension of sanitation on the off chance that he might want to be a gourmet expert after moved on from the college. In Hong Kong, there are incredible extent of individuals went out to have their dinner. As indicated by Hong Kong community for wellbeing insurance (CHP, 2007) the quantity of individuals eating out in excess of five times each week are 30.2% for breakfast, 51.5% for lunch and 10.8% for supper separately. Having such culture of eating out, sanitation ought to be considered as the main goal in the accommodation business in Hong Kong, be that as it may, as of late, food contamination is ceaselessly expanding. As per the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007), the worldwide frequency of food-borne maladies is hard to gauge, however it has been accounted for that in 2005 alone 1.8 million individuals passed on from diarrhoeal ailments. An incredible extent of these cases can be ascribed to tainting of food and drinking water. In industrialized nations, the level of the populace experiencing food-borne ailments every year has been accounted for to be up to 30%. Likewise, polluted food could result from inappropriate food taking care of, readiness, or food stockpiling. In spite of the fact that HACCP is a globally perceived sanitation the executives framework, there are incredible obstructions to actualize such framework in the neighborliness business Scholarly goals of undertaking This paper means to accomplish the accompanying goals: 1. To increase comprehension of HACCP and its usage in Hospitality industry. 2. To think about current scholastic writing on the sanitation issues. 3. To recognize the obstructions of executing HACCP framework in Hospitality industry. 4. To recognize the approaches to reinforcing the sanitation culture inside the Hospitality association as opposed to concentrating on making a superior wellbeing framework. Framework of segments The writing survey will be separated into four sections. The clench hand part is about the presentation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System (HACCP), including this definition and its usage. The subsequent part is about the hindrances of actualizing HACCP framework in Hospitality industry for example reasonable and mental obstructions. The third part is about the hierarchical culture which incorporated its definition and association between HACCP usage. The last part is the approaches to fortifying the sanitation culture. It is on the grounds that having a positive sanitation culture inside the association is progressively dependable that carefully follow the sanitation the board framework, for example, HACCP. Writing Review Presentation As per the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007) Food-borne infections or Food harming appear to have been expanding universally lately. Food contamination can be comprehensively characterized as the sickness brought about by the utilization of defiled food or water containing different microscopic organisms, infections, parasites or even poisons of biochemical or compound nature. The kinds of nourishments created or served by a business alongside the administration of how they are arranged or delivered are probably going to add to the danger of a business causing food contamination. (Griffith, 2010) In spite of the fact that, there are sanitation the board framework, for example, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), the usage of the HACCP framework requires extra assets for staff preparing, speculations on structures and gear, additional acquisition of provisions, just as specialized help besides, inside a business various sub societies go after need and frequently the greatest adversary to sanitation culture is a culture of setting aside cash (Griffith et al., 2010). The drive to reduce expenses to the detriment of sanitation perhaps bogus economy and it ought to be noticed that organizations recognized as a wellspring of food contamination flare-ups can endure huge harm to mark personality, budgetary misfortunes and conceivably, in up to 33% of cases, liquidation (Griffith et al., 2010). What is HACCP? As per an ongoing report (Taylor, 2008)The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) framework is a science-based methodical methodology which distinguishes basic control focuses in the creation technique that are fundamental to screen and control item wellbeing. HACCP is an instrument to survey perils and build up control frameworks that attention on avoidance instead of depending on finished result testing. The framework can be applied all through the natural pecking order from essential creation to definite utilization, including essential makers, food makers, transport and capacity administrators to retail and food administration outlets. The usage of HACCP framework is an indication for conveying safe food items to clients. HACCP is a globally perceived framework and is based on seven key standards: 1. Peril Analysis: Potential natural, concoction and physical dangers must be assessed for every fixing and at each progression of the assembling procedure. 2. Recognize Critical Control Points: Those focuses in the process where control can be applied to dispose of or diminish a distinguished peril to a satisfactory level. 3. Build up Critical Limits: Defined as the greatest or least parameter that must be met to wipe out or decrease the peril to a satisfactory breaking point. 4. Build up Monitoring Requirements: Used to evaluate whether as far as possible are met and to set up records for confirmation. 5: Establish Corrective Actions: The activities taken to manage a CCP back and the means taken to forestall further pollution of the item just as the means taken to forestall the conveyance of possibly sullied item. 6: Establish Verification Procedures: Verification guarantees the arrangement is viably executed and followed. 7: Establish Record Keeping and Documentation Procedures: Includes record maintenance of sorts of records kept, for example, the risk investigation, the HACCP plan, bolster documentation and operational records. By focussing review at CCPs, HACCP improves the logical reason for security and control forms. A CCP is any point in the chain of food creation from crude materials to completed item where the loss of control could bring about inadmissible sanitation chance (Pierson and Corlett, 1992). Observing of CCPs is done best by utilizing pointers that can be estimated without any problem. This emphasis on quantifiable pointers gives a more financially savvy way to deal with control than item examining and testing, which is progressively costly and may not give convenient outcomes. This is particularly significant for foodborne microbial pathogens, in light of the fact that their occurrence is low and the expenses of testing are high. It is critical to perceive that HACCP isn't intended to supplant the executives choices gauging potential advantages from item characteristics against costs, or the estimation of improved wellbeing versus the expenses of accomplishing it. HAC CP encourages improved item security, yet the executives has the circumspection to figure out what the last item quality will be. These issues go into the organizations considerations in deciding CCPs and resistance limits at CCPs. (The monetary) HACCP was initially evolved as a quality control apparatus in food preparing, where marked item risk makes industry motivating forces for peril control. It was expected to be adaptable enough to adjust to various firms, plants, or procedures inside plants. Its application as an administrative standard to a whole industry or segment, or at various stages in the gracefully chain, is essentially extraordinary. (Unnevehr and Jensen 1999), For what reason is HACCP significant? The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a sanitation the executives framework that is as of now advanced universally in light of the fact that it empowers food business administrators to control food handling dangers at all focuses along the creation line, as opposed to hanging tight for microbiological testing of the last item (Tuominen et al., 2003). It viewed as the best method to accomplish sanitation is to concentrate on avoidance of potential perils and to improve the procedure (Swanson and Anderson, 2000;) The HACCP framework likewise depends vigorously on check and documentation to guarantee that sanitation has not been undermined during any progression. HACCP in this way gives a structure to evaluating dangers. HACCP in this manner gives a structure to evaluating dangers or whatever could turn out badly and setting up the essential controls to limit such dangers. (Stephaniem et al.,2009) The upside of HACCP based frameworks is that they can be intended to incorporate every extraordinary kind of nourishments, their crude materials (whatever their source) and related perils. (Griffith, 2010) (Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007) signified that the usage of the HACCP framework to food preparing can bring about advantages to industry, government and shoppers, advancing, along these lines, a potential improvement of sanitation and anticipation of food contamination. HACCP center around quantifiable markers gives a more practical way to deal with control than item inspecting and testing, which is progressively costly and may not give opportune outcomes. This is particularly significant for food-borne microbial pathogens, in light of the fact that their occurrence is low and the expenses of testing are high. Necessity of actualizing the HACCP framework in neighborliness industry Before HACCP can be actualized, essential projects (PRPs, for example, great clean practices, staff preparing, and reported standard working strategy ought to be entrenched. HACCPs adequacy depends on the information and abilities of both administration and staff. (Taylor, 2008), called attention to that the most significant factor driving the usage of HACCP is the work of experienced, actually qualified people. While adaptability suitable to the business is significant, each of the seven standards must be

Nursing Case Study The Journal of Pain

Question: Portray about the Nursing Case Study for The Journal of Pain. Answer: Presentation Mrs. Smith showed up to the ward with an IVT (Intravenous transfusion) in an IDC (inhabiting catheter) in situ. In the wake of experiencing her past clinical just as prescription history, alongside her social history, the intercessions has been made. A nitty gritty investigation has been completed with respect to the infections Mrs. Smith was determined to have. Nursing Interventions Wellbeing can be given to Mrs. Smith by ensuring that her vitals are ordinary consistently of the day. This can be accomplished by consistent observing and any kind of inconsistency in the readings ought to be dealt with fuse of medications. The medications ought to be regulated cautiously so as to maintain a strategic distance from any hyperactive response, particularly during pre-and postoperative hours. Since she has past history of falls, subsequently, measures, for example, utilization of side rails, decreased tallness of the bed just as setting vital possessions inside her arms reach ought to forestall the odds of her falls. Cleanliness and Comfort She ought to be set easily in her bed so she doesn't experience the ill effects of any kind of torment in the crotch zone, which is regular in individuals with hip medical procedure. Agony relievers will be regulated through IV to deal with any kind of torment she may be confronting. She will be furnished with a motivating force spirometer in the event that she is confronting breathing challenges. Cold treatment can likewise be given to her to remember her from torment. It should be ensured that Mrs. Smith doesn't contract MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) or contaminate others with MRSA (Randolph, 2012). She will be set in secured disconnection so powerlessness of diseases can be kept away from. She ought to be guaranteed that her pooch has been set with the neighbors so she doesn't get on edge stressing over it. Sustenance Mrs. Smith isn't just anorexic yet in addition she is experiencing osteoporosis. She needs to have nutritious food so as to have a quicker recuperation. She needs to a high protein diet. Her eating routine ought to likewise contain a high measure of roughage to assist her with managing the issue of obstruction. Mrs. Smith is additionally diabetic. Her eating regimen should be arranged in a manner with the goal that her glucose level doesn't shoot up. She ought to be blessed to receive counter lack of hydration chance. Extreme instance of lack of hydration can prompt hypotension and low pee yield. End for Mrs. Smith will be a troublesome part since she has ceaseless stoppage. Post activity she will have the catheter on. She should be managed with medications to permit easy defecation. Her liquid admission level ought to be improved just as she ought to be put on a high fiber diet. Movement levels will be low if there should arise an occurrence of Mrs. Smith. The medical procedure will keep her from a few developments. She will expect help to sit, walk, and move down the bed. She may create bedsores because of this henceforth, the medical attendants should check for skin emissions and shading changes. The physical specialists will help her post medical procedure to figure out how to begin moving her appendages once more. She should practice regularly to quicken her recuperation. Psychosocial needs of Mrs. Smith are high. She is a patient of discouragement and she lives all alone with just her pooch Rufus for organization. She will be given help from in-house advocates who can remember her from the passionate pressure. Being discouraged can raise her glucose just as pulse level. Subsequently, the medical attendants should attempt to manufacture an affinity with her and encourage simple discussion so Mrs. Smith can impart her issues to the medical caretakers. Conclusions as alluded to in clinical history: Mrs. Smith experiences atrial fibrillation. The anomaly in heartbeat prompts this condition. Outside side effects remember torment for the chest, brevity of breath has likewise been seen in patients with AF (Washam et al., 2015). Palpitations and swooning has additionally been seen in a few patients. Her record shows that she is under the remedy of medications that causes her to improve her condition. The drugs ought to not the slightest bit be halted as she would endure a stroke. Mrs. Smith experiences hypertension just as diabetes type 2. She is a social consumer and has not smoked in 25 yrs. Be that as it may, these are the energizers, both liquor and cigarettes, of hypertension (Lampropoulos et al., 2013). It is regular in patients with diabetes to create hypertension (Shapiro, 2013). Enthusiastic pressure may be the fundamental guilty party to her circumstance particularly when her significant other has lapsed and with a little girl living in Queensland who just visits her inconsistently. The diabetes is the resultant of her downturn. Her record doesn't show any prescriptions for hypertension (Eg. Microzide and so on.) (Knarr et al., 2014). She ought to be endorsed with some cardioinhibitory medications to manage the high glucose. Metformin encourages her with her high glucose issue (Inzucchi et al., 2014). L CVA (Left-side Cerebrovascular Accident) is basic for a patient to experience the ill effects of when they as of now have hypertension, diabetes just as the state of atrial fibrillation (Thacker et al., 2013). All these previous conditions caused her to endure the stroke. Care ought to be taken that her pulse is typical all the time just as her blood glucose level. The medical procedure can't be completed if both these vitals are high or low. Mrs. Smiths way of life isn't reminiscent of her having created GORD (Gastro Oesophagal Reflux Disease). The substance of the stomach return to the throat and causes heart consumes (Sanna et al., 2013). She has been recommended with the proton siphon based inhibitor sedate, Esomeprazole that diminishes her from the condition. Mrs. Smith experienced a Total hysterectonomy where she had her uterus and the cervix expelled carefully. It is regular in ladies to create coronary illness just as osteoporosis post the hysterectonomy and it is generally because of the insufficiency of the hormones (Scierbeck et al., 2012). The insufficiency of hormones, to be specific, estrogen and progesterone, prompts cardiovascular sicknesses and osteoporosis (Mata-Granadol et al., 2013). Estrogen is liable for a defensive activity on the cardiovascular muscles. Estrogen likewise helps in the calcium digestion and its inadequacy present constrained menopause leads on misfortune in bone thickness (Klein-Nuland et al., 2015). The urinary incontinence is likewise due to the hysterectonomy (Knarr et al., 2014). Her anorexic condition is additionally answerable for her having created osteoporosis. The nutrient D supplements that she takes help her with her condition. Medication Therapy Insights Mrs. Smith was endorsed to 62.5 mg of digoxin. Digoxin is liable for the improvement of heart cadence issue (Washam et al., 2015). The nursing suggestion proposes that she has atril fibrillation and digoxin causes her in managing it. The nursing mediations incorporates that she ought to never be in a dried out state. Lack of hydration will prompt the side effects, for example, queasiness, retching, mental trips, migraines, bleeding stools, lopsided pulse, which are related with the over dose of the medication. The doctor ought to be informed if her heartbeat tally is under 60 pulsates every moment and the medication ought not be managed in such a case. A dose of 2 mg of Warfarin was regulated to Mrs. Smith. The nursing suggestion proposes helping her with her state of atrial fibrillation, warfarin has been directed. By bringing down the inclination of the blood to shape clusters, Warfarin lessens the odds of coronary episodes (Ruff et al., 2014). The nursing intercessions incorporates that the medication ought not be controlled medication while a patient has diabetes. A different enemy of coagulant medication ought to be controlled. Attendants should screen for any indications of draining gums, nosebleed or dark delay stools post medical procedure. A measurement of 5 mg Coversyl Arginine was recommended to Mrs. Smith. The nursing suggestion proposes that being an angiotension changing over chemical, it helps in enlarging the veins and alleviates the patient from hypertension (Kiru et al., 2016). The nursing intercessions incorporates that this medication ought not be given to her, as it is fitting not to have hints of the medication in the framework when the patient is to be anesthetized. Be that as it may, post activity, the medication ought to be directed consistently and it ought not be halted with no structure from the doctor. Nutrient D is significant for the adsorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc from the stomach. The nursing suggestion recommends that chewable tablet is regulated to Mrs. Smith to keep the nutrient step up. Mrs. Smith experiences osteoporosis and the nutrient D supplements causes her arrangement with it (Mata-Granadol et al., 2013). The nursing mediations incorporates that it ought to be stopped before medical procedure as it influences the impact of sedation. Moreover, the organization of the medication ought to likewise be halted if there is any adjustment in her glucose or pulse level as the medication effectsly affects diabetic patients. Metformin encourages her monitor her glucose level (Inzucchi et al., 2014). She is given 500 mg of the medication and it causes acid refluxes. Notwithstanding, as she will experience an activity, it is useful to direct insulin instead of giving her an oral dose of metformin. The nursing suggestion proposes that she experiences the state of GORD and the medication Esomeprazole alleviates her from the condition. The measurement is managed in a centralization of 40 mg. As a proton siphon inhibitor, the medication lessens the corrosive creation in the stomach and lightens the bothering and expanding of the throat (Tian et al., 2013). It connects with the medication warfarin subsequently, she ought to be observed for thickening variables, INR and PT. The nursing suggestion recommends that to manage her downturn, she was endorsed with Effexor in a centralization of 150 mg (Gartlehner et al., 2012). The nursing interventi

Would you expect a stronger anti-union response from an employer in a manufacturing environment or a service environment Why free essay sample

I would expect a heavier enemy of association reaction from the assembling business for a wide assortment of reasons. Right off the bat, on the grounds that because of the reality there is more market power in assembling giving associations more influence to correct requests from managers. Besides, occupations in administration enterprises are for the most part of a shorter span, so laborers relinquish their positions habitually so unionization is definitely not a high need. The expense of work is likewise higher in administration occupations, so associations have less force. So basically, there will be a significantly more enemy of association reaction in the assembling business just in light of the fact that assembling associations have substantially more force and influence contrasted with laborers in administration ventures. Select an association with which you are natural, and talk about the conceivable dealing units that would be proper for aggregate bartering in its structure. Because it just truly occurred, I picked MLB (Major League Baseball). Baseball players and proprietors consented to an arrangement for another work contract Tuesday, an arrangement that makes baseball the main North American expert significant class to begin blood testing on human development hormone and grows the end of the season games to 10 groups. We will compose a custom exposition test on Okay expect a more grounded enemy of association reaction from a business in an assembling situation or an assistance domain? Why? or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The five-year bargain aggregate bartering understanding makes changes proprietors expectation will increment serious parity by constraining huge market groups to get control over spending on novice draft picks and worldwide signings. Different features include: Players will be required to play in the All-Star Game except if harmed or pardoned, Instant replay will be extended to remember choices for foul lines and traps, subject to a concurrence with umpires, Players, supervisors and mentors may not utilize smokeless tobacco items during broadcast meets and may not convey them in their outfits, Players captured for DWI will be required to experience compulsory assessment, and Players will begin wearing improved batting head protectors produced by Rawlings by 2013. Audit the contentions for and against the Employee Free Choice Act and the Obligatory Secret Ballot Protection Act. How might you vote? Give your reasons. The Employee Free Choice Act is a bit of enactment that would change government law so as to, as per the bills creators; fortify the privileges of laborers to unionize. It endeavors to do as such by changing the method by which laborers unionize. At present, association battles must make sure about help from 30% of laborers in an organization through card-voting forms, which hence sends the crusade into a mystery voting form political race. On the off chance that a dominant part of laborers, at that point vote by mystery voting form to unionize, an association might be guaranteed by the National Labor Relations Board and built up . The Employee Free Choice Act means to change the law with the goal that an association can be made by a dominant part vote from the card-voting form process alone, dodging the second procedure of a mystery polling form political decision. It likewise builds up more grounded punishments for infringement of representative rights when laborers look to shape an association and during first-contract arrangements and accommodates intervention and assertion for first-contract debates.

How to Write a Great College Application Essay 7 Questions to Ask Yourself

How to Write a Great College Application Essay 7 Questions to Ask Yourself 7 Questions to Ensure You Write a Great College Application Essay There’s big news in the college admissions world: Many colleges are no longer requiring the SAT or ACT essay as a component of the college application! This month, Princeton and Stanford joined a growing list of schools (including Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, and the University of Chicago) who have dropped the SAT/ACT essay requirement. Brown University is the only Ivy League college still requiring a score, along with non-Ivies like Duke and the University of California. While applicants are still highly encouraged to submit an essay score, if they don’t, their writing skill will be assessed in other ways.* How will colleges assess students’ writing ability? Some schools will count on the multiple-choice part of the tests which assesses writing skills on some level. But no multiple-choice exam can test how a student puts ideas together, or how they use language creatively. Princeton now requires a graded writing sample from a high school class (preferably English or history), which is definitely a measure of a student’s ability to write. But it’s the only school as of now that does so. What’s left? To me, it seems intuitive that the application essay will hold more weight than ever before. Here’s a clip of my WBBM radio interview on that topic â€" High School Seniors: Brace for Big College Application Changes: What makes a great college application essay? Rumors abound as to what makes a good essay topic and what topics should be off limits. I hear often, for instance, that students should never write about sports. That’s simply not true. There are effective ways to write about sports and ineffective ways to write about sports. No, we don’t want to read a play-by-play of a football game in 650 characters. But leadership growth can be a great topic, as can relationship building or coming back from an injury or other challenge. You just need to be self-aware and creative in your presentation. The fact is, there are no good or bad essay topics in themselves. There are only good or bad essays. Harry Bauld hammers this point home in his book, On Writing the College Application Essay: Secrets of a former Ivy League Admissions Officer. How do you know which category your essay falls into â€" the good or the bad? Here are seven questions you can ask yourself to see if your essay will fall into the “good essay” category, regardless of the root topic: Am I using most of my 650 characters to talk about myself (good)? Or am I defaulting to explaining some topic or describing someone else (bad)? Am I telling a true story of how I’ve grown (good)? Or am I bending the truth to sound good (bad)? Am I using clear, persuasive language (good)? Or am I using overly flowery language to try to sound like a good writer (bad)? Am I using mostly active voice (good)? Or is my essay written mostly in passive voice (bad)? When I read my essay aloud, does it sound natural and compelling (good)? Or am I tripping over the words or getting bored (bad)? Did I give good thought to the conclusion (good)? Or did I rush it because I was running out of space (bad)? Does the conclusion build on the opening (good)? Or does it sound like a disconnected wrap-up (bad)? Do all the things in the first half of those seven questions, and you’ll be on the road to a great college application essay. And what about the topic? If you’re applying to college in the fall, start thinking about your essay topics now â€" and be aware of these seven questions and possible pitfalls. The application essay has never been as important as it is now. The Essay Expert is here to support you in writing a great college application essay on a great topic! Contact us  to find out how. *  This change was implemented because many states and school systems pay for their students to take the SAT or ACT â€" and since the essay adds up to $17 per student to the price tag, many students dont have that option. They would have to sign up and pay to take the test on their own.

Industry Chatter a Look Ahead at 2017

Financial Professional Content This year has been busy, with Wealthfront introducing the first 529 plan administered by a roboadvisor in Nevada, the turnover of the Rhode Island 529 plans previously administered by AllianceBernstein to Ascensus and Invesco, implementation of money market options in response to 2014 reforms and multiple new ABLE plan launches. With 2017 around the corner, the 529 industry faces hot topics of its own, and not just the perennial pressure to reduce fees. The Fiduciary Rule The financial services industry is still coming to grips with the new "Fiduciary Rule" that was introduced in April by the Department of Labor. The new rule modifies the "investment advice fiduciary" definition under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). Any advisor that works with retirement plans will, under the new legislation, be bound to meet a fiduciary standard of service (i.e. recommending the best option vs. a "suitable" option). The new rules are phased-in starting April 10, 2017, but they have already had a substantial impact on every industry that is involved with financial products in some way. 529 plan providers will largely escape the immediate impact of the Fiduciary Rule. Many factors make fiduciary-like rules for 529 plans largely unnecessary, such as state tax benefits (which necessitate certain disclosures for out-of-state plan recommendations), existing oversight and annual investment reallocation restrictions. Still, the new rule is so massive that even the 529 space will receive some collateral damage. Namely, fees will go even lower. The Fiduciary Rule puts a lot of pressure on asset managers and intermediaries to offer low-cost options to meet investor goals. So while fees have already come down dramatically in 529 plans in the past 15 years due to competition within the industry, the underlying investments in the plans are likely to get even less expensive. This may result in some bargain hunting among those plan providers that have more wiggle-room to swap out underlying investments for cheaper options down the road. However, there may be less for 529 providers to choose from. All this pressure on fees and disclosure requirements is speculated to result in the exit of some asset managers from the business, as shelf-space for more expensive or more exotic products (often both) is eliminated so distributors can focus on a more select list of investment options. This could, separate the wheat from the chaff until only the best investments remain, but it may also result in limited options for college savers as new entrants become scarce (pricing pressure making it more difficult for startups to compete). There are certainly broader implications and possibilities resulting from the new rule, with speculations that one-fifth to one-half of advisors could leave the financial advisor industry in the wake of the rule, so expect this to be a hot topic in the 529 plan industry ï ¿ ½ really every financial services subcategory ï ¿ ½ this year. Related: How the Fiduciary Rule Impacts 529 plans Sales charges Fees, in general, continue to be the defining factor by which 529 plans are evaluated. Indeed, the DC College Savings Plan administered by Calvert has one of the best performance records of any 529 plan available, ranking in the top three among advisor-sold plans both with and without sales charges over one-, three-, five- and ten-year time periods, and performed similarly well among direct-sold plans despite its higher fees. Yet even with some of the best performance of any 529 plan, and being the only plan comprised almost entirely of socially-conscious investments, the plan was criticized for its high fees. Calvert is now being being removed in favor of Ascensus. All of the attention the Fiduciary Rule is putting on fees and disclosure is going to have a direct impact on sales charges in the 529 space. Following an industry trend, two advisor-sold 529 plans recently introduced share class structures that automatically convert from Class C to Class A under certain conditions, including the new iteration of the Rhode Island Collegebound Advisor-sold plan. Distributors have always been sensitive to appropriate sales of share classes, and with increased regulatory pressure, there has been an equivalent response from multiple advisory firms. Both wirehouses and independents have adopted policies and procedures preventing their representatives from opening Class C shares with beneficiaries under a certain age (typically 12 or 13). This not only limits the firmï ¿ ½s risk exposure to inappropriate recommendation suits from investors, but also results in providers modifying their product offerings to better appeal to distributor compliance officers. Automatic conversions of C-shares after a certain number of years is good for everyone involved, ensuring investors are in an appropriate share structure, and limiting risk to the provider and distributor. Some distributors are pushing plan providers to adopt this model either directly, by asking, or indirectly, by favoring sale of plans with the new share class structure. But itï ¿ ½s not just the C-share structure that is likely to fall under pressure. 529 plans that charge a higher sales load may also start to feel the heat from distributors. Itï ¿ ½s difficult to prove that a plan charging 5.75% is significantly better than one charging a load of 3.00% (or lower after breakpoints). It wouldnï ¿ ½t be surprising to see some plans start to reduce and/or simplify their commissions in response to this and other factors, including the need to remain competitive and the Fiduciary Rule itself. Omnibus Omnibus is not a new topic, and within the 529 industry a lot of people are sick of talking about it, but the discussion isnï ¿ ½t going to end anytime soon. Further, the industry is fast approaching an inflection point. As one wirehouse representative stated in the halls at the 529 Conference this year, "Weï ¿ ½ve already gone omni with most of the plans that are willing. Weï ¿ ½d like to have more plans go omni, but there just arenï ¿ ½t a lot left that either can or want to." In 2017 the discussions between the largest intermediaries and those 529 providers that havenï ¿ ½t yet gone omni is likely to go one of two ways: The distributor and plan need to go omnibus, and the distributors will pressure providers by limiting shelf space for their 529 products, or seek revenue share to offset costs associated with check & app processing (that said, distributors will seek compensation for going omnibus in the form of sub-TA fees, too). Or- Distributors and providers will look to alternative solutions to omnibus, affectionately labeled "omnibus-light" at the recent 529 Conference, in order to better service and support their advisors. There is also the possibility that the Fiduciary Rule monopolizes the legal and compliance resources of the big firms, making it nearly impossible to make any material headway in implementing either solution in the coming year. Related: Omnibus ï ¿ ½ What it is and why advisors should care Omnibus ï ¿ ½ Challenges to implementation Omnibus ï ¿ ½ Omnibus-light and the future Financial Professional Content This year has been busy, with Wealthfront introducing the first 529 plan administered by a roboadvisor in Nevada, the turnover of the Rhode Island 529 plans previously administered by AllianceBernstein to Ascensus and Invesco, implementation of money market options in response to 2014 reforms and multiple new ABLE plan launches. With 2017 around the corner, the 529 industry faces hot topics of its own, and not just the perennial pressure to reduce fees. The Fiduciary Rule The financial services industry is still coming to grips with the new "Fiduciary Rule" that was introduced in April by the Department of Labor. The new rule modifies the "investment advice fiduciary" definition under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). Any advisor that works with retirement plans will, under the new legislation, be bound to meet a fiduciary standard of service (i.e. recommending the best option vs. a "suitable" option). The new rules are phased-in starting April 10, 2017, but they have already had a substantial impact on every industry that is involved with financial products in some way. 529 plan providers will largely escape the immediate impact of the Fiduciary Rule. Many factors make fiduciary-like rules for 529 plans largely unnecessary, such as state tax benefits (which necessitate certain disclosures for out-of-state plan recommendations), existing oversight and annual investment reallocation restrictions. Still, the new rule is so massive that even the 529 space will receive some collateral damage. Namely, fees will go even lower. The Fiduciary Rule puts a lot of pressure on asset managers and intermediaries to offer low-cost options to meet investor goals. So while fees have already come down dramatically in 529 plans in the past 15 years due to competition within the industry, the underlying investments in the plans are likely to get even less expensive. This may result in some bargain hunting among those plan providers that have more wiggle-room to swap out underlying investments for cheaper options down the road. However, there may be less for 529 providers to choose from. All this pressure on fees and disclosure requirements is speculated to result in the exit of some asset managers from the business, as shelf-space for more expensive or more exotic products (often both) is eliminated so distributors can focus on a more select list of investment options. This could, separate the wheat from the chaff until only the best investments remain, but it may also result in limited options for college savers as new entrants become scarce (pricing pressure making it more difficult for startups to compete). There are certainly broader implications and possibilities resulting from the new rule, with speculations that one-fifth to one-half of advisors could leave the financial advisor industry in the wake of the rule, so expect this to be a hot topic in the 529 plan industry ï ¿ ½ really every financial services subcategory ï ¿ ½ this year. Related: How the Fiduciary Rule Impacts 529 plans Sales charges Fees, in general, continue to be the defining factor by which 529 plans are evaluated. Indeed, the DC College Savings Plan administered by Calvert has one of the best performance records of any 529 plan available, ranking in the top three among advisor-sold plans both with and without sales charges over one-, three-, five- and ten-year time periods, and performed similarly well among direct-sold plans despite its higher fees. Yet even with some of the best performance of any 529 plan, and being the only plan comprised almost entirely of socially-conscious investments, the plan was criticized for its high fees. Calvert is now being being removed in favor of Ascensus. All of the attention the Fiduciary Rule is putting on fees and disclosure is going to have a direct impact on sales charges in the 529 space. Following an industry trend, two advisor-sold 529 plans recently introduced share class structures that automatically convert from Class C to Class A under certain conditions, including the new iteration of the Rhode Island Collegebound Advisor-sold plan. Distributors have always been sensitive to appropriate sales of share classes, and with increased regulatory pressure, there has been an equivalent response from multiple advisory firms. Both wirehouses and independents have adopted policies and procedures preventing their representatives from opening Class C shares with beneficiaries under a certain age (typically 12 or 13). This not only limits the firmï ¿ ½s risk exposure to inappropriate recommendation suits from investors, but also results in providers modifying their product offerings to better appeal to distributor compliance officers. Automatic conversions of C-shares after a certain number of years is good for everyone involved, ensuring investors are in an appropriate share structure, and limiting risk to the provider and distributor. Some distributors are pushing plan providers to adopt this model either directly, by asking, or indirectly, by favoring sale of plans with the new share class structure. But itï ¿ ½s not just the C-share structure that is likely to fall under pressure. 529 plans that charge a higher sales load may also start to feel the heat from distributors. Itï ¿ ½s difficult to prove that a plan charging 5.75% is significantly better than one charging a load of 3.00% (or lower after breakpoints). It wouldnï ¿ ½t be surprising to see some plans start to reduce and/or simplify their commissions in response to this and other factors, including the need to remain competitive and the Fiduciary Rule itself. Omnibus Omnibus is not a new topic, and within the 529 industry a lot of people are sick of talking about it, but the discussion isnï ¿ ½t going to end anytime soon. Further, the industry is fast approaching an inflection point. As one wirehouse representative stated in the halls at the 529 Conference this year, "Weï ¿ ½ve already gone omni with most of the plans that are willing. Weï ¿ ½d like to have more plans go omni, but there just arenï ¿ ½t a lot left that either can or want to." In 2017 the discussions between the largest intermediaries and those 529 providers that havenï ¿ ½t yet gone omni is likely to go one of two ways: The distributor and plan need to go omnibus, and the distributors will pressure providers by limiting shelf space for their 529 products, or seek revenue share to offset costs associated with check & app processing (that said, distributors will seek compensation for going omnibus in the form of sub-TA fees, too). Or- Distributors and providers will look to alternative solutions to omnibus, affectionately labeled "omnibus-light" at the recent 529 Conference, in order to better service and support their advisors. There is also the possibility that the Fiduciary Rule monopolizes the legal and compliance resources of the big firms, making it nearly impossible to make any material headway in implementing either solution in the coming year. Related: Omnibus ï ¿ ½ What it is and why advisors should care Omnibus ï ¿ ½ Challenges to implementation Omnibus ï ¿ ½ Omnibus-light and the future

The Importance Of Communication And Its Effect On...

Abstract: As in any other discipline of business the importance of communication cannot be overemphasized in managing projects. Statistics show that seventy four percent of projects are unsuccessful. One of the many factors that contribute to the failure of these projects is poor or insufficient communication. By taking a closer look at the three main phases of projects - initiation, execution and closedown we can try to determine the role and impact of communication during each phase. Project Communications Management: Communications management is the systematic planning, implementing, monitoring, and revision of all the channels of communication within an organization, and between organizations; it also includes the organization and dissemination of new communication directives connected with an organization, network, or communications technology. Aspects of communications management include developing corporate communication strategies, designing internal and external communications directives, and managing the flow of information, including online communication. As listed by Kerzner: Typical literary definitions of effective communications include: †¢ An exchange of information †¢ An act or instance of transmitting information †¢ A verbal or written message †¢ A technique for expressing ideas effectively †¢ A process by which meanings are exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols. Effective communication creates a bridge between diverse stakeholdersShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Culture And Its Effect On Business Communication Essay2844 Words   |  12 PagesCROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT TERM PAPER Importance of culture and its role in business communication DONE BY NANDHA PUNIT 635370 LECTURER: SALOME GITOHO 16 March 2015 Table of Contents Executive summary 3 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 So what are culture and its effects on communication? 4 Cultural impacts on business communication 5 How business communication affects culture 7 How to add value in cross cultural skills to improve business communication 8 References 11 â€Æ' Executive summaryRead MoreTherapeutic And Non Therapeutic Communication1108 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper is the result of the review of five different articles that supports the PICOT statement which was about effects of therapeutic and non-therapeutic communications, in nurse-patient relationship, on patient’s conditions in hospital. The paper contains of explanation of each article followed by the relation to the PICOT statement. This paper will discuss the importance of therapeutic techniques, in contrast of non-therapeutic techniques, in health care setting by providing different resourcesRead MoreAn Sociological And Psychological Aspects Of The Communication Process1199 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe communication, evaluate the stages of the communication process and assess the key aspects of each process. Evaluate the importance of successful communication and explain how interference can affect communication by using one of the communication models by looking at the impact communication had on the receiver, explaining factors like Source, Nature, Level, Time, Frequency, Use, Form and Type. Critically evaluate the sociological and psychological aspects of modern communication methodsRead MoreImproving Medication Communication And Medication1080 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Medication Communication People become ill every day and need medications to help them fight whatever disease or infection they may be suffering from. Medications play such a vital part in human lives today. Physicians are always coming up with new medications that they would like to try for a certain illness. As patients get prescribed new medications they need to be taught the purpose and the side effect of the drug. Communicating the purpose and side effects of drugs are vital componentsRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pageseffective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or another. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the barriersRead MoreCommunication Plan1637 Words   |  7 PagesCOMMUNICATION PLAN Communication Plan Frieder Vasquez Davenport University Abstract Communication plans are imperative in business when needing to establish objectives and to reach goals. In the process, effective methods of communication can be used to facilitate that the messages will arrive to target audiences. In the present scenario, it was confirmed how strong communication plans are the tools to better facilitate processes as sensitive as merging companies. This merger is by itselfRead MoreEffective Leadership For Finely Tuned Communication Skills885 Words   |  4 Pagesfinely tuned communication skills. Professor Hildebrandt’s Powerpoint presentation titled Effective Team Leadership examines the components that are so important to leading a team to success. In his presentation, Professor Hildebrandt highlights the importance of using direct communication, considering how words will be taken, communicating expectations, leading effective meetings, and coaching team members in conflict (Hildebrandt, 2015). All of these components require good commun ication skills. GreatRead MorePurpose And Plan For Meeting The Spiritual Need Of A Congregation Essay756 Words   |  4 Pageseffectiveness of communication will begin with a purpose and plan in meeting the spiritual need of a congregation. The project will serve as a purpose to enhance the congregation’s growth in a deeper knowledge of God. This project will serve as purpose to connect with sound and creative ways of communicating through an informative description of healthy communication. Synopsis The purpose of life is found in our relationship with God and others during this lifetime. Communication done properly canRead MoreThe Dangers Of Early Sexual Activities848 Words   |  4 Pagesbuilding communication between the parent and child for prevention of onset to early sexual activities. There are many medical and heritage foundations that have taken a large interest in parent child communications on the early onset of sexual activities and are being driven to conducting studies to help both the students and the families get educated and assist them with communication on adolescent sex. I’m specifically looking at Hispanic American families and the parent child communication and interventionRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Interaction Between International Students And Japanese Peers1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Intercultural Communication refers to the interaction between different cultural communities; the sharing of information across language and cultures is known as intercultural communication. The main aim of this communication is to understand the different culture, tradition and interact accordingly. The intercultural literacy provides understanding and satisfaction in the communication. They are many problems which are faced due to lack of proper intercultural communication. In an article named

A Business Report Of Tesco And Walmart Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3318 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? This report aim to evaluate two food retailers under two different account standar GAAP and IFRS and prepare appropriate recommendations to the an investor wishing to invest for maximum capital growth in the longer term. Background Analysis and ratio analysis are employed. 1.Background Analysis 1.1Tesco 1.1.1 Tescos History In 1919 Tesco was established in East London by Jack Cohen. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Business Report Of Tesco And Walmart Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The company introduced the brand name Tesco as a tea packets in 1924. 20 years later, Tesco stores was listed on the London Stock Exchange with a share price of 25p(Tesco.plc 2010) Tesco continued its international expansion in the 1990s till now which including market opening in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. In the same period, Tesco entered Asian market such as China , Thailand and South Korea. Furthermore the company offers the following key products and services represented in table 1. Table 1 Products, Services and Brands Products: Food General merchandise Electrical goods Clothing Household goods Home furnishings Petrol Services: Online sale of products Telecommunication services Financial services Pharmacy services Broadband internet services Brands: Cherokee FF Healthy Living Value Tesco standard Finest Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor 1.1.2 Food Retail in the United Kingdom The food retail market includes the retail sales of all food products and beverages. The UK industry generated total revenues of $165,404.1 million in 2008 (Datamonitor 2009). The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) increased 4% for the period 2004-2008. Hypermarket, supermarket, and discounters sales generating total revenues of $102,648.2 million, equivalent to 62.1% of the industrys overall value in 2008. According to Datamonitor(2009) the performance of the industry is forecast to decline which is expected that the industuty reach a value of $194,819.4 million by the end of 2013. Table2:United Kingdom Food Retail Industry Value:$ billion,2004-2008 Year $billion $billion %Growth 2004 141.6 77.1 2005 144.6 78.8 2.2% 2006 149.4 81.4 3.3% 2007 155.8 84.9 4.2% 2008 165.4 90.1 6.2% CAGR,2004-2008 4% Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor 1.1.3 Tescos position and competit ors It is no doubt that Tesco is a leading company in UK market especially in food retailer. According to Datamonitor(2009) the company had 30.7% share of the UK grocery market in the calendar year ended December 2008. It is recorded in 2009 annual report(Tesco.Plc 2009) that the company generated revenues of  £54,327 million ($96,210.4 million) in the financial year (FY) ended February 2009, an increase of 14.9% over 2008. And the main competitor Asda Group recorded recenues of $33.4 billion during the financial year (FY) ended January 2009 (Datamonitor 2009). There are other major competitors as following J Sainsbury plc, Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC,Marks and Spencer Group plc, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,and Somerfield. 1.1.4 Evironment and Exceptional Recent Events of Tesco The recessionary climate is a significant factor should be taking into account to evaluate the macro economic evironment, The International Monetary Fund(2009) reported that the UK economy will deflate 4.2% in 2009. As a result, the demand for non-food product will be under such a difficult economic times. At the same time, there is intense conpetition in the UK grocery market. Although the prospect of future economic is not favourable, Tesco has already adjust their short-term promote strategy such asDiscount Brands at Tesco and further strengthen their long-term strategy including international expending and providing diversified product and service. Tesco opened 622 new stores in financial year 2009 which included 435 outside UK (Tesco.Plc 2009). A representative events is Tesco entry into the Indian market. Furthermore, It is noteworthy that Tesco acquired the remaining 50% of Tesco Personal Finance from Royal Bank of Scotland suggested that Tesco move a furhter step in personal finance service(Tesco.Plc 2009). 1.1.5 Five-year Financial Review of Tesco Figure2:Tesco Revenues, Profitablity and Total assets 0.00 20,000.00 40,000.00 60,000.00 80,000.00 100,000.00 120,000.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% Revenues Total Assets Profit Margin Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor From the graph above, it is unavoidable notice that the tatal assets of Tesco doubled for the last five years indicating that the company experienced a critical period of expansion. The profit margin because the depressed global economy. 1.2 Wal mart 1.2.1 Wal marts history Wal-Mart was established in 1969(Wal-Mart Stores, Inc 2009). In the following year, Wal-Mart became a publicly-held company. In 1972, the company got listed on the New York Stock Exchange. During 21st century, Wal mart is one of the most successful retailers in the world. the company operates in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India,Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico and the UK.The table below provide the key products and services Wal m art provided. Table 3: Products, Services and Brands Products: Dry and wet grocery Beverages Frozen foods Flowers Health and beauty products Household products Pet supplies Fabrics and crafts Stationery and books Automotive accessories Hardware and paint Horticulture products Sporting goods Apparel Shoes Jewelry Toys Home furnishings Housewares Major and minor home appliances Cameras Cellular phones Services: Photo processing services Cellular service plan Money order services Wire transfers Brands: Wal-Mart Great Value Equate Ol Roy Sams Choice Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor 1.2.2 Food Retail in the United Amercia The food retail industry of US generated total revenues of $824,422.2 million in 2008 (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc 2009). It is reported by Datamonitor(2009) that the compond annual growth rate(CAGR) of 5.8% from 2004 to 2008. Compaired with UK , sales made by h ypermarket, supermarket, and discounter produced 80% revenues which is $ 659,808.3 million. As the global economics downturn, the performance of the industry is expected to decelerate with a forecaseted CAGR of 2.7% for the period spanning 2008-2013(Datamonitor 2009). Table 4:United States Food Retail Industry Value:$ billion,2004-2008 Year $billion %Growth 2004 657.3 2005 699.2 6.4% 2006 741.5 6.1% 2007 787.6 6.2% 2008 824.4 4.7% CAGR,2004-2008 5.8% Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor Figure 3:United States Food Retail Industry Value:$ billion,2004-2008 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 $billion %Growth Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor 1.2.3 Wal marts position and competitors Wal mart Stores (Wal-mart) is the worlds largest retail company. According to Marketline, Wal mart is on the top of food ratial indu stry all around the world in terms of revenues. Morover, the major competetor produced $105,823million in financial year 2009, meanwhile Wal mart generated revenue $405,607 million meanwhile provided more than 2,100,000 job opportunity. The other major competitors of Wal-mart Stores, Inc. included Target Corporation Safeway Inc., Sears Holdings Corporation, J. C. Penney Corporation, Inc., Kroger Co., The Tesco PLC, Carrefour S.A and Metro AG 1.2.4 Evironment and Exceptional Recent Events of Wal mart Wal mart is facing fierce competition from a larger number of domestic and foreign companies incluing Carrefour, Tesco, Target and so on. Another risk merit consideration is the foreign currency fluctuation as Wal mart has operations in approximately 15 international countries. According to the annual report (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc 2009), during 2009 there is over 24.6% total net sales generated by international operations. The acquisition of Distribucion y Servicio is another major operation during 2009. Wal mart acquired 75% of the outstanding shares of Distribucion y Servicio. 1.2.5 Five-year Financial Review of Wal mart Figure 4:Wal mart revenues profitability and total assets 0.00 50,000.00 100,000.00 150,000.00 200,000.00 250,000.00 300,000.00 350,000.00 400,000.00 450,000.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 3.15% 3.20% 3.25% 3.30% 3.35% 3.40% 3.45% 3.50% 3.55% 3.60% 3.65% Revenues Total Assets Profit Margin Source ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Datamonitor The figues above provide some key financials of Wal mart. Revenues fllow up from $281,488.million to $401,204. million for the last four years. Nevertheless the profit margin declined to 3.3% in 2009 due to the recession of the global economic. 2 Evaluation of Financial Statements: A Comparative Analysis 2.1 Profitability Analysis 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 5: ROCE Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings 0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 5: Return on equity Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 6: Net profit margin Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings The graphs above provide information about the profitability of Tesco, Wal mart and international peer median from 2006 to 2009 financial years. It is notable that the performance of Wal mart maitained continuity and stability for the last 4 years while Tescos experenced a more volatile operation. Compared with Tesco, Wal marts higer ratios such as ROCE and Return on equity capital employed Indicating that resources being employ ed by Wal mart are being used more effectively. However, it is interesting to note that the net profit margin of Tesco is slightly higher than Wal marts impling that Tesco operated effectively in the market place. Furthermore while compared with their international peers , Wal marts performance surpass their counterparts in financial year 2009. In addition it appears that although it was impossible to predict the scale of the global economic slowdown, Wal mart has responded well by adjusting their business to this environment. In 2009 Wal-Mart entered Chile through the acquisition of a controlling interest in Distribucià ³n y Servicio (DS),Chiles largest food retailer. Moreover ,the net sales increase 7.2% due to decreasing price based on the every day low cost every day low price (EDLC-EDLP) strategy. Those increases resulted from our global expansion programs, comparable store sales increases and acquisitions. Overall, Wal mart outperform Tesco. 2.2 Liquidity . 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 7: Current ratio Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 8: Quick ratio Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 9: Cash ratio Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings The bar charts below represent three liquidity ratios indicating that Wal mart stayed constant at a relative high level than Tesco in terms of Current ratio and Cash ratio. However the Acid test implyed a opposite conclusion that Tesco outperformed Wal mart for the possible reason that Wal marts inventory occupied a great proportion in current asset. Moreover, even though Tesco and Wal mart are leading food and grocery retailer, the international peers generate a imp ressed operation. Despite that Wal marts cash ratio show a decline indicating that Wal mart adjust its component of the current asset leading to a lower level of liquidity in very short term, Wal marts cash ratio remained a higher level than Tescos. In conclusion, Wal mart remained steady at better level than Tesco especially preferable for short term creditors. 2.3 Efficient use of working capital 0 10 20 30 40 50 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 10: Inventory turnover period Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 11: Receivables turnover period Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Company Filings The par chart below provide two ratios about how efficient Tesco, Wal mart and global peers operated. In one hand, from 2006 to 2009, the gap between Wal marts inventory turnover period and Tescos is narrowing. Howe ver in fical year 2009, Wal marts inventory turnover period is around 10 days per year higher than that of Tesco indicating that Tesco operated their inventory more efficient. On the other hand Tescos receibables turnover period grew steadily for the last for years reached around 12 days per year while Wal mart maintained stable approximately 3 days. The variance in Tescos Receivables turnover period is due to Tesco has acquired the remaining 50% of Tesco Personal Finance from Royal Bank of Scotland. a move which will enable Tesco to enter personal financial service industry. To sum up although it is clearly stated that Tesco outperform Wal mart in food retailer industry, due to the large propotion in personal financial service of Tesco, Wal mart is more efficient. 2.4 Investment ratio and stock price 0 5 10 15 20 25 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Figure 12: P/E ratio Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Source: Figure13 Stock price Source: Google Finance The graphs above 2.5 Stability Ratio 0.00% 50.00% 100.00% 150.00% 200.00% 250.00% 300.00% 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 14:Debt-to-Equity ratio Tesco Wal mart Peer Median 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2009 2008 2007 2006 Figure 15:Gearing Tesco Wal mart Peer Median Focus on the par charts we can conclude that Tesco experenced a significantly increase in debt-to-equity ratio and gearing ratio while Wal mart stayed constant from 2006 to 2009 financial year. The immense movment of Tesco is due to its expending strategy which including boost its international market share and entering to personal financial service sector. This new strategy greatly accelerates the demand of debt of Tesco which influenced the ratio enormous, indicating that they didnt exposed themselves to more risk. Moreover, it is obvious and noteworthory that compared with their peers group, Tesco and Wal mart app ear to be more risky. As mentioned before, Wal mart is a more feasible to a risk averse investor. 3 Conclusion 1) Overview of comparision According to the backaround analysis and financial ratios analysis between Tesco and Wal mart, it is easy to concluded that Wal mart is the leading company around the world while Tesco experenced a significant growing period for last five years. Wal mart performance more stable compared with Tesco that have more develop chance and broader develop space. 2) Implications for Potential Investment According to the recent year performance, it is suggested that Tesco is a better choice for an investor wishing to invest for maximum capital growth in the long term. On contrast, the creditor and supplyers of would prefer Wal mart due to its constant perfomance and better liquility not only short-term but also long term. 3) Limitation of the Analysis This analysis mainly depends on the historical public accounting data and financial rat ios, however, it ignores accounting policies may differ between different companies. 4 Evaluation the impact of GAAP and IFRS Through the analysis Tescos and Wal marts financial statement and the ratio analysis, it can clearly be concluded that there are remarkable difference between two different reports under GAAP and IFRS. The format of the financial statement. For example Tescos financial statements only publish one year comparative financial information whereas Wal marts include three years(banlance sheet two years). Further more different criterion is emploied when determinming a specific entry such as inventory cost. LIFO is prohibited under IFRS, while GAAP permitted which greatly influence the result of ratio analysis. Therefore, such difference significantly reduced the comparability of two company and may mislead the investor to some extend. Section B: Convergence 1 Introduction The growing acceptance of International Financial Report Standards(IFRS) server as an incitant factor for the convergence between US GAAP and IFRS. As recorded in IFRS (2008) there are approximately 113 countries require or allow the use of IFRS for the preparation of financial statement by publicly held companies. Furthermore, series of accounting fraud scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and other large companies blow down to the American investors confidence in the capital market, It has shaken the American legislature,regulatory institution and the publics trust in the quality of U.S. accounting standards. Hence, it seems natural to ciritsise current account standard and the US standard setters have recently announced a roadmap to convergence. Finally, the issue of whether the harmonisation should be processed and to what extend the exercise will be success was raised. According to Levitt(1998) the former SEC chairman, the truth is, high standards lower the cost of capital indicating that higher accounting quality and disclosure under internationally accepted standards such as IAS/IFRS lower the firms capital cost. However it is unconsidered to outweigh the benefits of convengence if we taking into account factors affecting acount standard as following plitical, business culture, accounting culture even language. This essay will argue that although the convergence between US GAAP and IFRS is an irreversible trend, it is inevitable exist some concers which interfere the convergence heavily. In order to demonstrate this, the paper will illustrate that from two sections. Firstly, the section of the pressures for convergence will be analysed. Subsequently, it will be discussed in terms of some major concers. 2 Pressure One of the key argument for accelerating convergence is that globalization and mutinational bussines. As reported by KPMG(2008) that even in advance of any enforcement of IFRS for U.S reporting, companies may have to deal with IFRS financial reports in situations such as following: a U.S. company takeover an IFRS-report ing target, a U.S. company selling a business to an IFRS-reporting taget company and so on. Due to these transations these companies will need to understand IFRS-reporting style in order to be more knowledgeable in the ttransations. Take Wal mart as an example, it operation in over 16 conutries including UK which is a member of IFRS-reporting system. Under this situation, it is unavoidable that for Wal mart have to deal with IFRS. In addition, it is noteworth that Wal mart may have to converted its financial statement of its foreign subsidiaries to U.S. GAAP for consolidation purposes. Last but not lest, different reporting standard and style will generate misleading and greatly reduce the comparability especially for an cross-border investor comparing two companies report under two different accounting system. Therefore , the shift from GAAP to IFRS not only is an umavoidable trend but also promoted the accounting conpareability and consistency especially on a global scope. In a ddition, according to Benston et.al(2006), IFRS accounting standards are more principles-based than rule-based which used in U.S.. Based on the above concept if the rule-based standard is better there is no need to shift current GAAP to IFRS. However, implement of principles-based approach in accounting standard can generate a more reliable account stander (Schipper, 2003). Generally, there are two major explanation. Firstly, the rules-based one is criticised for doing nothing when economic environment changes, especially some inventions of financial instruments emerge such as derivertive instrument (Kershaw, 2005). This position goes further that according to the existence of rules-based standards in the U.S., although SEC are trying to perfect current accounting standards, the development of the financial market is so rapid and the enterprises financial activities are so wide-ranging that the accounting standard can not cover all the situations. Another issue that merits condidera tion is the ruls-based standard misleads the public to ignore the risk of investment. In another word, the rules-based standard only require companies to disclose the risks of assets, liabilities, earnings and cash flows. Unfortunitely it fails to reflect the increasingly risks which due to financial instruments. Hence, the investors might fail to access the companys overall risk (Arjoon, 2006). Overall, it is can be infered that convergence are part of a process of improve the U.S current account standard. Nevertheless, convergence is not necessary to improve the account quality because priciples-based standard is not perfect. FASB(2002) publish the explanation of principles-based standard which offer more freedom to report financial statements. In other words, accounts play a significant role in the process of making financial report. Thus there are some disadvantages merit consideration. Admittedly, there are some potential flaws caused by priciples-based standard. It is av oidable if there is good auditing and regulation. Comparing with rules-based standard, principles-based standard is more adapable, and more effective in the current accounting circumstances. Consequently, it is easy to conclude that convergence between GAAP and IFRS is an unavoidable trend, furthermore, this will also greatly improve the current U.S. account standard. 3 Obstacles Various difficulties emerge when dream come to reailty. First of all, the term accounting convergence should be taking into considers. This term has been defined as: The process pursued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) of eliminating the present differences between National Accounting Standards and the avoidance of future differences to achieve international accounting harmonization (Hussey Ong, 2005, p.229). It can be draw from the concept above that convergence aim to increase the comparability of accounting practices. According to Haverty, J. L.(2006) it is important to note that convergence not equal to comparability. Zeff,S.A.(2007) stated that there are some obstacles to global financial reporting such as culture in terms of business, financial, accounting, auditing and regulatory. Additionally, it is equally important to consider the problems of interpretation. In order to interpret some major obstacles to convergence, the following pargraph try to inverstgate business culture and language. On one hand, in the USA, it is common for certain industries to raise capital through long-term libilityss. For example, it is not surprised that the airline company would not owned the airline which would be owned by financial institutions. Furthermore, this practice would undervalue the assets hold by the company. However, such biased valuation would not be eliminated even after convegence. Hence, this is one of obstacles for a lack of comparability. On the other hand, language is a another factor should be considerd. U.S. and U.K. are both english countries , however it is noteable that the Brithsh and the Americans are unable even to harmonize the spelling of word hramonis(Alexander 2006). Consequently it is easy to draw a conclusion that diversity in culture, eonomic, legal, and political resons reduced the comparablity and the extent of convergence. 4 Conclusion To sum up, due to the aforementioned reasons we can safely arrive at the conclusion that the convergence between GAAP and IFRS is a irreversible trend even though there are some obstacles. According to Zeff, S.A.(2007),some obstacles are deeply cultural, while others aremore susceptible to modulation by the principal parties. Admittly harmonisation would not solute all the problem, but still can be a incitant factor to improve the current U.S. account sandard.

Spanking Verses Child Abuse - 2039 Words

Spanking Verses Child Abuse 1 Spanking Verses Child Abuse The Effectiveness of Loving Discipline Western International University COM 110 Effective Persuasive Writing David Scharn October 16, 2005 Spanking Verses Child Abuse 2 The common misconception that spanking is a form of child abuse affects the proper discipline of todays youth. Some parents are actually afraid to discipline their own children using the same method of belief from their own upbringing. Who is correct in the notion of right and wrong discipline? Is there such a thing as a correct way to spank your child? In my opinion, there is. So, my goal is to show that if the†¦show more content†¦The experts that are against spanking say that it is a violent act and teaches children that hitting is okay. Pro spanking advocate, Dr. James Dobson, reprinted a very informative article by Dr. Den Trumbull M.D. and Dr. S. DuBose Ravenel M.D. entitled To Spank or Not to Spank: A look at an age-old question that baffles many physicians. It states, There is no evidence in the medical literature that a mild spank to the buttocks of a disobedient child by a loving parent teaches the child aggress ive behavior (Dobson, 2004, p. 127). Dr. Dobson also cited the doctors whose article said that it is impractical to suppose that a child wouldnt show violent behavior if parents used other forms of discipline rather than spanking. Most toddlers, who have yet to be spanked because of their age, commonly strike out against others in aggravation. This is true of any toddler, seen out in public, who throws a temper tantrum over not getting his way. Countless parents, frustrated themselves, simply remove the child from making an undesirable scene. The only thing to do for a child of that age is to remove temptation and distract the child with a toy or juice cup. As the toddler grows, distraction is more difficult and the disciplining methods increase intensity. Some experts against spanking also argue thatShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment Is A Discipline Method1650 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal law, â€Å"Spanking, also called corporal punishment, is a discipline method in which a pe rson inflicts pain on a child without inflicting injury and with the intent to modify the child’s behavior. Forms of corporal punishment include hitting a child’s bottom, slapping, grabbing, shoving, or hitting a child with a belt or paddle† (Mince-Didier). Supposedly people against spanking define it broadly so that it can be easily be connected to child abuse. People who support spanking tend to uses definitionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children953 Words   |  4 Pageswas the founder of the Methodist Movement, and he believed that children were born with sin and that it was the parental duty to discipline the unruly child, starting at an early age. During this time period, corporal punishment was a common practice. Wesley used reference to the Bible verse in Proverbs to declare, â€Å"Spare the rod, spoil the child†, (Cleverly and Phillips, 1986) in turn parents believed they were doing God’s will with their harsh punishmen ts. â€Å"Break their wills betimes, begin thisRead MoreChildren ´s Discipline and Spanking1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthe heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him. The chapters 22 and 23 of Proverbs speak of how the rod should be used and when. It also tells parents spanking the child will not kill him. Many researchers and parents would argue these facts and state is does cause harm but if they could understand the limitations of the teachings, incorporate communication, and set boundaries the use of a rod would instill wisdom, instruction, and understanding in a child. UnderstandingRead MoreOverview of Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1463 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Webster’s dictionary, the definition of parenting is of â€Å"the process of raising and educating a child from birth to adulthood.† Have you ever pondered on how different you would be if your parents would have raised you differently? Everyone was raised differently, therefore we all will be different types of parents. We may cherish the way our parents raised and disciplined us, so we’ll utilize those techniques when we become parents. On the other side, we may despise the way our parentsRead MoreEssay on Corporal Punishment2065 Words   |  9 Pagesor they worked better when spanking was included. Parents were also worried about the physical harm that could be done by corporal punishment, and research found that within reason, a child would not be harmed depending on the device used and the amount of force put in by the parent. However, evidence from both sides of the corporal punishment issue came to a similar conclusion about using corporal punishment in schools: it is inappropriate and embarrassing for a child. In the past, the mediaRead MoreThe Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children2225 Words   |  9 Pageswhere there is more research about how to raise their child than ever before. There is a staggering amount of information throughout the library’s and internet that will point out the simple pros and cons of Corporal punishment. Many children psychologists state that violence will always produce violence, it will never reduce aggression. This is a generally accepted fact that has been proven and studied for decades. Will someone such as a child, not act out against an aggressor because of the naturalRead MoreEssay on Parents Discipline So Children Will Obey the Rules2511 Words   |  11 PagesHebrews 12:1-11 talks about how God disciplined his children. The person who wrote the book of Hebrews states in verse 4 â€Å"In your struggle against sin, you have not yet resisted to the point of shedding your blood†. This can be seen to mean that no matter what point you bel ieve you are in life, you are never too old to be disciplined. The most important verses to me on this subject are verses 7 and 8. â€Å"Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as his children. For what children are not disciplinedRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is Not Uncommon851 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Whoever spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is diligent to discipline him.† Since the beginning of recorded history, parents have used corporal punishment as a form of discipline. Bible verses such as this instructs us that spanking as a form of corrective behavior coincides with Christian ideology. In the early stages of a child’s life, before the ability to understand reasoning and explanations, corporal punishment is necessary to correct undesirable behavior and promote disciplineRead MoreLatino And The Latino Population1642 Words   |  7 Pageswith the increase in this minority group there still continues to be a lack of research when it comes to child abuse, especially child sexual abuse (CSA). Research has shown that Latino children have a higher rate of referrals to child welfare services (CWS) verses other ethnicities/backgrounds. Yet despite the high rate of referrals, Latino children have a lower rate of substantiation made by child protective services. Much research done on the racial representation in the CWS population has not lookedRead More It’s Time to Put an End to Corporal Punishment in Schools Essay1986 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Family Resource Forum based in Madison, Wisconsin, was at the Eau Claire Gospel Center to talk about and demonstrate the proper way to spank children. Mr. Munyon would have us believe that discipline other than spanking is ineffective (Emerson 1B, 3B). From my experience as a child and a parent I have found the opposite to be true. If we take a look at what discipline is and the reasons parents use physical punishment, we can then start to understand that there ar e more effective ways to discipline

Steroids and Other Performance Enhancers Essay - 1191 Words

The issue over steroids and other performance enhancer drugs has been a recent topic in the sports world. The debate over whether or not to punish those who have been caught using has been a major topic recently, as well as the legalization of these drugs. When arising the question of whether or not to legalize steroids, many positive and negative factors are brought to the table, and in effect could change various aspects of our normal day lives. Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength. The best known natural anabolic steroid is testosterone, which is contained in many of the steroids†¦show more content†¦Other non anabolic steroids can be used for many beneficial things and can be found in medicines that are used to treat osteoporosis, weight loss, and in anti-inflammatory painkillers. It can even be found in the most common medicines such as cough syrup (A Guide for Understanding Steroids and Related Substances). Prior to the 1990’s steroids in sports wasn’t a major issue but they have quickly been a hot topic in the world of sports. The most common athletes that are suspected of using anabolic steroids are bodybuilders, track and field athletes, cyclists, and the most common throughout the world today, professional baseball players (Anabolic Steroids-Definition). The most newsworthy player that has been involved in the steroid issue is home-run record holder Barry Bonds. On August 8, 2007 Barry Bonds surpassed the great Hank Aaron when he hit his 756th home run of his career making him the new â€Å"Home-Run King†. However, he was fighting charges off and on for four years, from 2003 to 2007. When being interviewed by The Baltimore Sun on June 1, 2003, he told them â€Å"I don’t know BALCO, dude,† (Barry Bonds Steroid Timeline) where BALCO is an acronym for Bay Area Labo ratory Cooperative, the place accused of supplying steroids to Mr. Bonds as well as many other professionalShow MoreRelatedDrugs Should Be Banned For Professional Sports1211 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional athletes say that they would take performance enhancing drugs if they didn’t have a chance of getting caught. Performance enhancing drugs, or PEDs, or steroids, have been around since 776 BC when the Greeks would use them to improve their performance in the Olympic Games. During World War II, the Germans, including Hitler, would take steroids to make themselves stronger and more aggressive. The Americans, British, and Japanese also began to use steroids during World War II shortly after GermanyRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sportsRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Sports: Right or Wrong?947 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Sports, Right or Wrong? â€Å"We have to make some radical move to get the attention of everyone. Cheaters cant win and steroids have put us in the position that its OK to cheat.† (Lou Brock). Steroids in professional sports has became a major issue and has yet to be justified. Steroids boost the intensity of the game and provide the athletes with more agility and skill to play the game, but should it be fair to allow them? This would give some players an advantage in their sport overRead MoreEssay about Professional Athletes and Enhacer Drugs1338 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that 95% of professional athletes take enhancer drugs? There are many people in the NFL (National Football League) and MLB (Major League Baseball) that take more drugs than any other sport. I hate how athletes today take enhancement drugs to make them better in sports. (The use of performance-enhancing drugs is becoming relatively mainstream. Approximately 3 million people in the United States have used anabolic steroids (Silver 2001), with usage rates as high as 12% among young menRead MoreThe Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Today1583 Words   |  6 Pages Performance enhancers are very prominent in professional sports today. A lot of players are facing suspensions and other penalties for using them. The sport that gets scrutinized the most for this is Baseball. Many former users in the MLB (or formally the NABBP) have come out saying that they were using these drugs while playing. Some of these players are Jorge Sosa, Antonio Bastardo, and the famous Alex Rodriguez. Although these drugs have been prohibited, players are still finding ways aroundRead More Steroids In Sport Essay695 Words   |  3 PagesFrom sunrise to sundown they practice everyday to perfect their game.Then there are those who take an alternative route. Now athle tes are taking performance enhancers such as creatine, androstenedione and worst of all, anabolic steroids.Steroids are chemicals that act like hormones (substances in your body that regulate bodily functions). Anabolic steroids are the ones that are abused to build muscle mass or to make your workout longer. They are chemicals of artificial testosterone, which is a maleRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Steroid Use754 Words   |  3 PagesSteroids can affect an athlete’s physical health. Developing breasts from steroid use is very common. Breasts develop because when high doses of steroids are used for prolonged periods, they shut down certain hormones such as testosterone. Studies show that estrogen is what causes breast tissue growth; progesterone needs to be available in order to keep breast size down. Shrunken testicles can also occur because when a person uses steroids, they introduce a new hormone from outside their body atRead MoreThe Ethics of Steroid Use in the Olymp ics Essay examples904 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are records of attempts to increase testosterone levels (â€Å"Steroid Abuse in Sports†). Ancient Greek wrestlers ate vast amounts of meat to gain muscle mass, and Norse â€Å"Berserker† warriors took hallucinogenic mushrooms before battle. The first competitive athletes to be charged for doping, however, were swimmers in 1860s Amsterdam. Doping of all kinds, from caffeine to cocaine to anabolics quickly spread to other sports (â€Å"Anabolic Steroids, a Brief History†). Artificial testosterone was first synthesizedRead MoreDo People Understand The Harmful Effects Of Performance?712 Words   |  3 Pagesharmful effects of performance enhancers like steroids, stimulants, relaxants, diuretics, and painkillers have on athletes? Body 1. Need step: Performance enhancers of any kind can be a detriment not only to an athlete’s health, but also to their careers. HEALTH- Athletes start to question their credibility and ability to perform, which leads them to pursue paths they wouldn’t otherwise pursue. There are negative, long-term effects that come along with taking performance enhancers such as: growth effectsRead MoreThe Pitfalls Of High School Sports Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagessports and perform well is immense. There is the pressure from coaches, teammates, and others to succeed. The futures of the athletes are at stake. They play for the chance of scholarships and to continue their childhood dreams. This immense pressure is very draining on the teenagers. The pressure for them to do well in sports leads to them suffering in other parts of their lives. The young adults miss out on other activities in high school because they are so consumed in their sport. The extreme focus

Women in Congress Free Essays

Why do you think so few women and racial minorities have been elected to Congress? That is a question that can come with many different answers. In my opinion, I believe that there is a different reason between women and minorities for their lack of success in Congress. Both reasons involve the past, but in different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Congress or any similar topic only for you Order Now The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. There are 435 members in the House of the Representatives. The Senate has 100 members. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election. The main reason why women and minorities are not popular in Congress is because of descriptive representation. Descriptive representation is a belief that constituents are represented effectively by legislators who are similar to them (Challenge of Democracy). The characters that qualify are race, ethnicity, religion, or gender. That is the main factor why there are so few women and minorities in Congress. Due to the past, the demographic characteristic is a white male. As far as African American activity in government goes, a lot of progress has been made. In the past slavery kept blacks from being involved at all. They slowly made progress when they were counted as 3/5th of a person. Then they moved on to being free persons, and from then the African Americans moved on. There were many influential blacks to America. Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks were two very important people. They changed America for the better and helped African Americans advance in life. African Americans began serving in Congress during the Reconstruction Era after slaves were freed and granted citizen rights. Free black men gained political representation in the South. White Democrats took back political power and tried to return white supremacy. Legislatures lowered voting for blacks by passing tougher voter laws. As a result of the African American Civil Rights Movement, Congress passed laws to end segregation and protect civil rights and voting rights. When Congress changed the Voting Rights Acts in 1982, the states made districts that put minorities together. They thought it would make it a better chance for African Americans and Hispanics to be elected into office. They fixed the â€Å"make-up† of the districts. Women were never seen as a necessity in the business world in the past. They were not useful when it came to farming in men’s eyes. They were always needed to do the household chores and making sure the kids were being taken care of. Men believed that women were not as strong as men. It was as if they were not as important as men. Women were not allowed to vote until 1920, and before then not many women were involved in the government (Women in Congress). If you could not choose who was going to make decisions for you, why would you even be concerned? There was only one state, New Jersey, who allowed women to vote for 17 years (1790-1807). The only way they could vote was if they fit the land requirements. I believe though that the reason why there are so few women and minorities in Congress is because America is not ready to change. They are stuck on the way things were before and never trying new things. People are not willing to even give a woman the time of day, even if she has great ideas. It would be someone they brush off because women aren’t smarter than men. Minorities are not even considered an option in Congress just because of their title as a â€Å"minority†. There are a minor amount of minorities and it is hard to find the ones that are determined to better themselves in life. It is almost as if they’ve given up on trying to become an image breaker. Everyone believes in the descriptive representation and that is why minorities are not involved in the government (Congress vs. Minorities). As the years have progressed though there is one man that I must give credit to for making a huge advancement for minorities in government, Barack Obama. He had many obstacles to overcome to get there. There were many people that told him he didn’t stand a chance in the race. He was determined and he now is sitting in the office as President of the United States. Demographic groups have always been a large role in Congress. The groups consist of race, gender, ethnicity, or religion. The groups vote for people that are in the considerable same group as them. For example, if a Catholic runs against a Jew, most Catholics would vote for the Catholic. In 2050, there will be remarkably many different things going on in the world. There is a chance that a black woman will be the President. A Hispanic male might be the Speaker of the House. Global Warming could be done for, and New Orleans could possibly be submerged underwater. All possibilities of what the world could be like in 40 years. I believe that the world will have a new outlook on things and demographic groups will not exist so prevalently. I think people will be able to make decisions based on their own likings and not what their â€Å"group† is doing. People are becoming more independent in their choices in 2010, so 40 years from now the world’s mindset will be free. To support my reasoning on people being independent now is through the example of Obama winning the presidential election. I believe that people stepped out of their demographic group on their voting choice. Yes, most African Americans voted for Obama, but even the African Americans affiliated with a different religion voted for him. White people stepped out of their religion and race to vote for Obama. I still believe demographic groups will exist, just not so commonly. Those that are stuck to traditions and keeping things the way they were will still be apart of the group. They will consist of less people, but there will be enough to rock a vote. Hopefully, the demographic groups will just completely wipe out and let people use their minds. I want Americans to be able to make their own decisions. The reason why there are so few women and minorities in Congress has to do with choices made my Americans. African Americans that want to run for a position in Congress probably find it pointless due to the demographic groups. They feel that they shouldn’t waste their time since they already know the outcome especially if they run against a white male. Hopefully having Obama in office will give other minorities and women incentive to pursue their dream to be involved in the government. The entire controversy will continue for years though. These have just been my personal opinion mixed in with facts. The ideas for the future I have are very well thought out, and I hope to see the progress in the future. If African Americans can go from being slaves to running the United States; I think it is more than possible for people to become more independent in their own thoughts and decisions. How to cite Women in Congress, Essay examples